Trip 6. Transistors
The most important concept in the world of modern electronics is introduced in this Trip: the transistor. Amplification, switching and buffering of the signals is made possible by these devices. Radio, television , cell phones, computers, portable devices are all made possible by the transistor. In this trip we see the transistor in operational amplifiers, and helping perform radio receive and transmit functions.
Please click to preview the experiments in this Trip: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
![1](javascript:ReplaceContentInContainer('content-exp',' <h3>Experiment 1. Operational Amplifier</h3>
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<img src="./images/Exp1OpAmpWithoutCompensationCropped.jpg" width=" 333 " align=" right" style=" float:right; padding-right:10px; padding-bottom:5px;">
<p> In this experiment an unstable amplifier is stabilized using Miller compensation. As you can see in the image on the right the Op Amp exhibits high frequency noise. During the experiment a Miller capacitor is being added and the noise is eliminated.
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<p> The <b>Topnotch Meter</b> is used to capture the output signal exhibiting high frequency noise before and after the Miller capacitance is added. Simulation points out the noise is due to insufficient phase margin which is corrected with a capacitor.
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![2](javascript:ReplaceContentInContainer('content-exp',' <h3>Experiment 2. Class B Push-Pull Output Buffer</h3>
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<img src="./images/Exp2classBwithCrossoverDistortion.jpg" width=" 333 " align=" right" style=" float:right; padding-right:10px; padding-bottom:5px;">
<p> The objective of this experiment is to illustrate the operation of a class B push-pull output buffer. The output buffer is an interface between a circuit and a load, typically a resistor. A class B output consists of a complementary pair of transistors (e.g npn and pnp) connected in such a way that both cannot conduct simultaneously. The output buffer signal exhibits crossover distortion when connected open loop, shown on the <b>Topnotch Meter</b> screen. It is eliminated with a closed loop connection.
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Experiment 1. Operational Amplifier
In this experiment an unstable amplifier is stabilized using Miller compensation. As you can see in the image on the right the Op Amp exhibits high frequency noise. During the experiment a Miller capacitor is being added and the noise is eliminated.
The Topnotch Meter is used to capture the output signal exhibiting high frequency noise before and after the Miller capacitance is added. Simulation points out the noise is due to insufficient phase margin which is corrected with a capacitor.